Understanding Distribution Uniformity in Gravity Drip Irrigation Systems

Adopting micro-irrigation systems has become a promising strategy for increasing water productivity through accurately delivering irrigation water in the root zone (Elnemr et al., 2019; Elsadek, 2018). Pressurized drip irrigation can be used to grow crops under limited water supplies with the possibility of maintaining the exact yield and improving water productivity (Cheng et al., 2021; Elshikha et al., 2023; Hunsaker et al., 2019; Hunsaker and Bronson, 2021). However, changing from flood to drip can be impractical in some areas due to a lack of infrastructure, funding, or energy. Gravity drip (GD) could be an alternative to pressurized drip systems because it does not require any pumping while providing an appropriate soil moisture level to the crop rhizosphere (Omodei and Koech, 2016).